Burning Saltwater?

A shot of burning salt water from WBPF 

A friend of mine forwarded me a news video of a man, John Kanzius, from Sanibel Island Florida, who has invented a way to burn salt water with radio frequency generator.

The question here is what exactly is burning.
The most probable explanation is that the radio waves are breaking the water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen.  The hydrogen then burns creating the hot flame.

The problem is that the energy that it takes to separate the water molecule in the first place is what you get back again when you burn it (since the process of burning Hydrogen is the same as recombining the Hydrogen back together with the water).  If that is the case, then he is pumping energy in as radio waves, which he then retrieves by burning the hydrogen.  This will result in no net energy gain, which means that this is not a useful energy source.

 Another possibility is that it is burning the Sodium ions.  However, if you compare the color of the Kanzius’ flame in the video to the color of a sodium flame, you can see that Kanzius’ flame is pink or red, and not yellow which is an indicator of sodium.  The red color could indeed be from the burning hydrogen, which has a strong emission line in the red.  Look at the Hydrogen spectrum here and compare to the sodium spectrum.

However, some of the videocaps from the same news report show a yellow flame.  They probably did not do a careful white balance adjust, and so it is possible that there is not much we can learn from these images.

As much as I would like it to be true, this is another example of obtaining the same or less energy than you put in.  This is not useful.  Instead, we are looking for ways to release stored energy—not store it and then release it.  It may be, however, that Kanzius’ radio wave generator may have other uses… including curing cancer.

In the meantime, I will leave the idea that salt water burns and I will go back to thinking about Frank Burns:

Frank Burns from the TV Show MASH

Kevin Knuth
Albany NY

Posted under Energy, Inventions, Technology

This post was written by drknuth on August 12, 2007

Plants and Animals: Chemists and Engineers

Last winter I went to the Galapagos Islands.  While there, I was wondering why plants have all sorts of medicinal properties, but it is rather rare that animals do. 

A naturalist explained to me that plants evolved to use chemistry as their main defense; whereas animals developed locomotion.  Two different kingdoms adopted two distinct technologies for survival: chemistry and engineering!

Kevin Knuth
Albany NY

Posted under Biology, Evolution, Philosophy

This post was written by drknuth on August 8, 2007

iPhone, Communication, Security and Diversity

iPhone 

I will admit that the iPhone was one of the sexiest looking pieces of technology to come along in recent years.  After the first time I saw the ad on TV, I thought “I must have that!”

However, after a little reflection, I realized that I need a phone.  I don’t need a multi-tool.  I need a phone that actually works.  One that gets reception in my apartment and at my workplace.  A phone that does not filter the incoming sounds to the degree that when we have colds, our voices are filtered out as noise!  I just want to be able to call someone, and have them call me.

Rather than focusing on one thing and getting it right, the phone companies are aiming to do many things poorly.  I guess in someone’s cost function that adds up to something favorable.  Most products now-a-days are optimized, not for functionality or reliability, but for profit.  And we still buy them.

My friend Don just got a new cell phone.  He walked into the store and said, “I want a phone.  Not a camera.  Not a web browser.  Not a videocam.  Not a text messager.  A phone… that works!” 
It sounds ridiculous when put that way doesn’t it?

I have worried about the internet capabilities of my current phone.  I get unwanted text message ads from my service provider.  And have gotten some messages from websites on the internet.  But what about viruses?  Or what about hackers?

It appears that these concerns have come to fruition with the new iPhone.  Several people saw this one coming.  And, well, here is how the first exploits were performed.  Have fun!

The rules of your new phone are simple:
1. Visit only sites you trust.
2. Use only WiFi networks you trust (your local coffee shop is not secure)
3. Don’t open web links emailed to you (they could point to a malicious site)
4. Make sure your software patches are up-to-date

I am reminded of Kyle on South Park during the 9/11 conspiracy episode: “Really?”

Look.
Not EVERYTHING is meant to be interconnected to everything else.
Systems don’t work that way.  Dense interconnections are important in complex systems, but these are not random interconnections.  The phone network is a dense interconnection, which is great.  But to use the same system for other means of communication defeats the purpose of having different forms of communication.  Multiple forms of communication introduce redundancy, which in a complex system is essential in maintaining a system that is robust against accidents or interventions.  To tie these communication systems together introduces severe vulnerabilities. 

Consider your cable television company, which provides television service, internet service and phone service.  When they have a problem, you will lose all three services.  And who are you going to call?  No one, because your phone is out!  And forget staying tuned to that all-important channel for breaking news.  This is why it is still important to keep a radio on hand for emergencies.  Redundancy.

Biology doesn’t even make this mistake.  As an extreme example, you are disallowed concious control of your own heart rate and bowel function!  Your own body does not even trust these systems to potential intervention by your conciousness!  There exist distinct systems with distinct purposes.  This is what provides them with both functionality and robustness.

The brain uses several systems for communication.  There are action potentials that send signals from neuron to neuron.  The connections are mediated by neurotransmitters that enable a wide variety of interactions, which include excitation and inhibition.  There are volume conducted currents that send signals to large regions of neural tissue simultaneously, which are then enhanced by the geometry of the tissue as well as the electrical conductivity.  There is the hormonal system which relies on chemicals to be transported as signals through the blood stream.  These are only a handful of the distinct signaling systems that are used in our nervous system.  They do interact, but with neurons as the mediators.

This is analgous to our society, where we are the mediators receiving signals from telephones, radio, television, the internet, newspapers, personal conversations, body-language, etc.  The fact that these are distinct forms of communication add a richness that is unparalleled.  Uniting them can only reduce the diversity of interactions and introduce vulnerabilities to the system. 

Your phone should not do everything. 
Nor should any one company control access or content.

Kevin Knuth
Albany NY

Posted under Internet, Inventions, Neuroscience, Software, Technology

This post was written by drknuth on August 7, 2007